COMPANY·HISTORIES
NAIC 551111

Office of Bank Holding Companies

How the companies in this industry began, and the forces that shaped them.

46companies1727–2000founding years46still active0no longer operating
§ 01

The industry over time

Companies foundedEconomyTechnologyEnvironmentHistory
FoundedThe Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc
1727
FoundedState Street Corporation
1792
FoundedAustralia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
1835
FoundedEmigrant Savings Bank
1850
FoundedCredit Suisse Group
1856
FoundedFirst Tennessee National Corporation
1864
FoundedBarclays plc
1896
1903
TechnologyThe Wright brothers achieve powered flight.
FoundedNorth Fork Bancorporation, Inc.
1905
FoundedUBS AG
1912
1914
EconomyWorld War I begins; global trade reorders.
1929
EconomyThe stock market crashes; the Great Depression spreads worldwide.
1939
EconomyWorld War II begins; wartime production surges.
FoundedBremer Financial Corp.
1943
1945
EconomyThe war ends; a long global expansion begins.
FoundedMitsui & Co., Ltd.
1947
TechnologyThe transistor is invented.
FoundedWachovia Corporation
1958
TechnologyThe integrated circuit is demonstrated.
1962
EnvironmentSilent Spring launches the modern environmental movement.
FoundedGolden West Financial Corporation
1963
FoundedMizuho Financial Group Inc.
1971
EconomyThe dollar leaves the gold standard; currencies float.
FoundedSynovus Financial Corp.
1972
1973
EconomyThe OPEC oil embargo triggers a global shock.
1975
TechnologyThe personal-computer era begins.
1979
EconomyA second oil crisis drives inflation higher worldwide.
1981
TechnologyThe IBM PC launches and sets a standard.
FoundedThe PNC Financial Services Group Inc.
1983
1984
TechnologyApple ships the Macintosh; the GUI era begins.
1987
EconomyBlack Monday: markets fall sharply around the world.
1989
HistoryThe Berlin Wall falls; global markets open up.
1991
TechnologyThe World Wide Web is released to the public.
1993
TechnologyThe Mosaic browser brings the web to everyone.
FoundedCapital One Financial Corporation
1995
TechnologyWindows 95 launches; the internet goes mainstream.
FoundedStaten Island Bancorp, Inc.
1997
EconomyThe Asian financial crisis rattles global markets.
EnvironmentThe Kyoto Protocol sets the first climate targets.
2000
EconomyThe dot-com bubble bursts.
2004
TechnologySocial media and Web 2.0 take hold.
2007
TechnologyThe iPhone launches the smartphone era.
2008
EconomyThe global financial crisis freezes credit worldwide.
2010
TechnologyCloud computing goes mainstream for business.
2015
EnvironmentThe Paris Agreement sets global climate targets.
2020
EconomyThe COVID-19 pandemic upends the global economy.
2022
EconomyInflation spikes; central banks raise rates sharply.
2023
TechnologyGenerative AI reaches mainstream business use.
§ 02

The companies

The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc →
Active · founded 1727 · United Kingdom
The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc ranks as the leading Scotland-based banking group and the number three bank in the…
FleetBoston Financial Corporation →
Active · founded 1791
FleetBoston Financial Corporation is the eighth largest bank in the United States and the largest in New England, with…
State Street Corporation →
Active · founded 1792
State Street Corporation is a bank holding company conducting business principally through its subsidiary State Street…
Citigroup Inc. →
Active · founded 1812
The largest financial services company in the world, with assets in excess of $1 trillion, Citigroup Inc.
The Bank of Nova Scotia →
Active · founded 1832 · Canada
The Bank of Nova Scotia, the second oldest bank in Canada, was the second largest Canadian bank in 2003 in term of…
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited →
Active · founded 1835 · Australia
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) is the second largest of the "Big Four" banks in Australia,…
The Woolwich plc →
Active · founded 1847 · United Kingdom
The Woolwich plc is one of the United Kingdom's leading financial services providers, with over £30 billion in assets.
Emigrant Savings Bank →
Active · founded 1850
Paul Milstein, along with his sons Howard and Edward, filed an unsuccessful lawsuit in 2000 seeking to remove Philip…
Banknorth Group, Inc. →
Active · founded 1852
One of the 30 largest commercial banking companies in the United States, Banknorth Group, Inc.
Firstar Corporation →
Active · founded 1853
Firstar Corporation is among the leading bank corporations in the United States, with a particularly dominant market…
Credit Suisse Group →
Active · founded 1856 · Switzerland
Credit Suisse Group, which began as a commercial bank in 1856, at a time when Switzerland was first embracing the…
Apple Bank for Savings →
Active · founded 1863
Under the new chief executive, William J.
First Tennessee National Corporation →
Active · founded 1864
One of the 50 largest bank holding companies in the United States, First Tennessee National Corporation has provided…
GreenPoint Financial Corp. →
Active · founded 1868
GreenPoint Financial Corp.
HVB Group →
Active · founded 1869 · Germany
Early 1920s:BV allies itself with Bayerische Handelsbank AG.
Barclays plc →
Active · founded 1896 · United Kingdom
With a rich history dating back almost 300 years, Barclays plc has grown into one of the largest financial services…
Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A. de C.V. →
Active · founded 1899 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A.
North Fork Bancorporation, Inc. →
Active · founded 1905
North Fork Bancorporation, Inc.
Fifth Third Bancorp →
Active · founded 1908
Based in Cincinnati, Ohio, Fifth Third Bancorp is a holding company that operates 12 banking affiliates, managed…
German American Bancorp →
Active · founded 1910
German American Bancorp (GAB) is a Jasper, Indiana-based multibank holding company.
UBS AG →
Active · founded 1912 · Switzerland
UBS AG was formed from the 1998 megamerger of Swiss Bank Corporation and Union Bank of Switzerland.
TCF Financial Corporation →
Active · founded 1923
TCF Financial Corporation, a financial holding company that compares itself to large successful retailers instead of…
U.S. Bancorp →
Active · founded 1929
U.S.
Bremer Financial Corp. →
Active · founded 1943
Bremer Financial Corp., a bank holding company, operates under a unique ownership structure.
Daiwa Securities Group Inc. →
Active · founded 1943 · Japan
Daiwa Securities Group Inc.--formerly known as Daiwa Securities Co.
Mitsui & Co., Ltd. →
Active · founded 1947 · Japan
Part of the Mitsui group, Mitsui & Co., Ltd.
Glacier Bancorp, Inc. →
Active · founded 1955
With assets of more than $950 million, Glacier Bancorp, Inc.
The Toronto-Dominion Bank →
Active · founded 1955 · Canada
The Toronto-Dominion Bank (commonly called TD Bank) ranks as Canada's second largest bank in terms of assets, trailing…
Wachovia Corporation →
Active · founded 1958
The new Wachovia Corporation was formed from the September 2001 merger of First Union Corporation and Wachovia…
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce →
Active · founded 1961 · Canada
The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) is Canada's third largest bank, trailing only Royal Bank of Canada and…
Golden West Financial Corporation →
Active · founded 1963
Golden West Financial Corporation, the third largest savings and loan association, or thrift, in the United States,…
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. →
Active · founded 1968
J.P.
Wells Fargo & Company →
Active · founded 1968
Wells Fargo & Company is a diversified financial services company, ranking as the seventh largest bank holding company…
Mizuho Financial Group Inc. →
Active · founded 1971 · Japan
Mizuho Financial Group Inc.
Hibernia Corporation →
Active · founded 1972
Hibernia Corporation, headquartered in New Orleans, is a holding company initially formed to serve as the parent…
Synovus Financial Corp. →
Active · founded 1972
Synovus Financial Corp.
Hanmi Financial Corporation →
Active · founded 1982
Hanmi Financial Corporation is the largest Korean-American bank in the Los Angeles area, boasting assets of nearly $3…
MBNA Corporation →
Active · founded 1982
Delaware-based MBNA Corporation is a bank holding company.
The PNC Financial Services Group Inc. →
Active · founded 1983
The PNC Financial Services Group Inc.
Capitalia S.p.A. →
Active · founded 1992 · Italy
1539: Monte di Pietà di Roma is founded.
Capital One Financial Corporation →
Active · founded 1995
Capital One Financial Corporation, a holding company, is perhaps best known for its inventive advertising of its credit…
IBERIABANK Corporation →
Active · founded 1995
IBERIABANK Corporation has 25 branches in the New Iberia/Lafayette area of south central Louisiana, ten in northeast…
Nordea AB →
Active · founded 1997 · Sweden
First off the starting block among pan-European banking mergers--a trend expected to boom in the early years of the…
Staten Island Bancorp, Inc. →
Active · founded 1997
Staten Island Bancorp, Inc.
Bank One Corporation →
Active · founded 1998
Chicago-based Bank One Corporation formed in 1998 through the merger of Banc One Corporation, headquartered in…
Grupo Financiero Galicia S.A. →
Active · founded 2000 · Argentina
Grupo Financiero Galicia S.A.
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