COMPANY·HISTORIES
SIC 8099

Health and Allied Services, Not Elsewhere Classified

How the companies in this industry began, and the forces that shaped them.

18companies1899–1989founding years16still active2no longer operating
§ 01

The industry over time

Companies foundedEconomyTechnologyEnvironment
FoundedHooper Holmes, Inc.FoundedHooper Holmes, Inc.
1899
1903
TechnologyThe Wright brothers achieve powered flight.
1908
TechnologyThe Ford Model T brings the automobile to the middle class.
FoundedThe American Cancer SocietyFoundedThe American Cancer Society
1913
EconomyThe Federal Reserve is created.
1914
EconomyWorld War I begins; global trade reorders.
1929
EconomyThe stock market crashes; the Great Depression begins.
1933
EconomyNew Deal reforms reshape banking and industry.
1939
EconomyWorld War II begins; wartime production surges.
1945
EconomyThe war ends; a long postwar expansion begins.
1947
TechnologyThe transistor is invented at Bell Labs.
1956
EconomyThe Interstate Highway program remakes commerce.
1958
TechnologyThe integrated circuit is demonstrated.
1962
EnvironmentSilent Spring launches the modern environmental movement.
FoundedAmerican Stores CompanyFoundedAmerican Stores Company
1965
FoundedVitalink Pharmacy Services, Inc.FoundedVitalink Pharmacy Services, Inc.
1967
1970
EnvironmentThe EPA is founded; environmental regulation expands.
1971
EconomyThe dollar leaves the gold standard; Nasdaq opens.
1973
EconomyThe OPEC oil embargo triggers a global shock.
1975
TechnologyThe personal-computer era begins with the Altair.
FoundedUnited HealthCare CorporationFoundedUnited HealthCare Corporation
1977
FoundedCompDent CorporationFoundedCompDent Corporation
1978
1979
EconomyA second oil crisis drives inflation higher.
1981
TechnologyThe IBM PC launches and sets a standard.
FoundedChronimed Inc.FoundedChronimed Inc.
1984
TechnologyApple ships the Macintosh; the GUI era begins.
FoundedNovaCare, Inc.FoundedNovaCare, Inc.
1986
1987
EconomyBlack Monday: markets fall 22% in a single day.
FoundedSun Healthcare Group Inc.FoundedSun Healthcare Group Inc.
1989
1991
TechnologyThe World Wide Web is released to the public.
1993
TechnologyThe Mosaic browser brings the web to everyone.
1995
TechnologyWindows 95 launches; the internet goes mainstream.
1997
EconomyThe Asian financial crisis rattles global markets.
EnvironmentThe Kyoto Protocol sets the first climate targets.
2000
EconomyThe dot-com bubble bursts.
2001
EconomyThe September 11 attacks; a recession follows.
2004
TechnologySocial media and Web 2.0 begin to take hold.
2007
TechnologyThe iPhone launches the smartphone era.
2008
EconomyThe global financial crisis freezes credit.
2010
TechnologyCloud computing goes mainstream for business.
2015
EnvironmentThe Paris Agreement sets global climate targets.
2020
EconomyThe COVID-19 pandemic upends the global economy.
2022
EconomyInflation spikes; central banks raise rates sharply.
2023
TechnologyGenerative AI reaches mainstream business use.
§ 02

The companies

Hooper Holmes, Inc. →
Active · founded 1899
Hooper Holmes, Inc.
Hooper Holmes, Inc. →
Active · founded 1899
Hooper Holmes, Inc.
The American Cancer Society →
Active · founded 1913
The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a not-for-profit organization whose mission is to eliminate cancer.
The American Cancer Society →
Active · founded 1913
The American Cancer Society (ACS) is a not-for-profit organization whose mission is to eliminate cancer.
American Stores Company →
Defunct · founded 1965
Built largely through the drive and ambition of one family, American Stores Company has developed into one of the…
American Stores Company →
Defunct · founded 1965
Built largely through the drive and ambition of one family, American Stores Company has developed into one of the…
Vitalink Pharmacy Services, Inc. →
Active · founded 1967
Vitalink Pharmacy Services, Inc., provides institutional pharmacy services to nursing facilities and other institutions.
Vitalink Pharmacy Services, Inc. →
Active · founded 1967
Vitalink Pharmacy Services, Inc., provides institutional pharmacy services to nursing facilities and other institutions.
United HealthCare Corporation →
Active · founded 1977
United HealthCare Corporation is a national leader in health care management programs, serving about two million health…
United HealthCare Corporation →
Active · founded 1977
United HealthCare Corporation is a national leader in health care management programs, serving about two million health…
CompDent Corporation →
Active · founded 1978
CompDent Corporation is a fully integrated dental management company that provides full-service dental benefits.
CompDent Corporation →
Active · founded 1978
CompDent Corporation is a fully integrated dental management company that provides full-service dental benefits.
Chronimed Inc. →
Active · founded 1984
Chronimed Inc.
Chronimed Inc. →
Active · founded 1984
Chronimed Inc.
NovaCare, Inc. →
Active · founded 1986
NovaCare, Inc.
NovaCare, Inc. →
Active · founded 1986
NovaCare, Inc.
Sun Healthcare Group Inc. →
Active · founded 1989
Headquartered in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Sun Healthcare Group Inc.
Sun Healthcare Group Inc. →
Active · founded 1989
Headquartered in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Sun Healthcare Group Inc.
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