NAIC 522110

Commercial Banks

How the companies in this industry began, and the forces that shaped them.

85companies1727–2000founding years85still active0no longer operating
§ 01

The industry over time

Companies foundedEconomyTechnologyEnvironmentHistory
1903
TechnologyThe Wright brothers achieve powered flight.
1914
EconomyWorld War I begins; global trade reorders.
1929
EconomyThe stock market crashes; the Great Depression spreads worldwide.
1939
EconomyWorld War II begins; wartime production surges.
1945
EconomyThe war ends; a long global expansion begins.
1947
TechnologyThe transistor is invented.
1958
TechnologyThe integrated circuit is demonstrated.
1962
EnvironmentSilent Spring launches the modern environmental movement.
1971
EconomyThe dollar leaves the gold standard; currencies float.
1973
EconomyThe OPEC oil embargo triggers a global shock.
1975
TechnologyThe personal-computer era begins.
1979
EconomyA second oil crisis drives inflation higher worldwide.
1981
TechnologyThe IBM PC launches and sets a standard.
1984
TechnologyApple ships the Macintosh; the GUI era begins.
1987
EconomyBlack Monday: markets fall sharply around the world.
1989
HistoryThe Berlin Wall falls; global markets open up.
1991
TechnologyThe World Wide Web is released to the public.
1993
TechnologyThe Mosaic browser brings the web to everyone.
1995
TechnologyWindows 95 launches; the internet goes mainstream.
1997
EconomyThe Asian financial crisis rattles global markets.
EnvironmentThe Kyoto Protocol sets the first climate targets.
2000
EconomyThe dot-com bubble bursts.
2004
TechnologySocial media and Web 2.0 take hold.
2007
TechnologyThe iPhone launches the smartphone era.
2008
EconomyThe global financial crisis freezes credit worldwide.
2010
TechnologyCloud computing goes mainstream for business.
2015
EnvironmentThe Paris Agreement sets global climate targets.
2020
EconomyThe COVID-19 pandemic upends the global economy.
2022
EconomyInflation spikes; central banks raise rates sharply.
2023
TechnologyGenerative AI reaches mainstream business use.
§ 02

The companies

ABN AMRO Holding, N.V.
Active · The Netherlands
Rooted in 19th-century Dutch East Indies trade, ABN AMRO Holding, NV has grown into a major international bank with…
Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena SpA
Active · Italy
1467: The first monte di pieta (nonprofit bank), designed to end usury by providing low interest loans, is created.
Old Mutual PLC
Active · United Kingdom
Old Mutual PLC has shrugged off nearly 150 years as an almost exclusively South African financial services business,…
The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc
Active · founded 1727 · United Kingdom
The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc ranks as the leading Scotland-based banking group and the number three bank in the…
Bank of Ireland
Active · founded 1783 · Ireland
The Bank of Ireland is the oldest bank in Ireland.
FleetBoston Financial Corporation
Active · founded 1791
FleetBoston Financial Corporation is the eighth largest bank in the United States and the largest in New England, with…
State Street Corporation
Active · founded 1792
State Street Corporation is a bank holding company conducting business principally through its subsidiary State Street…
Citigroup Inc.
Active · founded 1812
The largest financial services company in the world, with assets in excess of $1 trillion, Citigroup Inc.
Erste Bank der Osterreichischen Sparkassen AG
Active · founded 1819 · Austria
Erste Bank der Osterreichischen Sparkassen AG has broken out of the tiny Austrian banking market to become one of…
The Bank of Nova Scotia
Active · founded 1832 · Canada
The Bank of Nova Scotia, the second oldest bank in Canada, was the second largest Canadian bank in 2003 in term of…
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
Active · founded 1835 · Australia
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) is the second largest of the "Big Four" banks in Australia,…
Marshall & Ilsley Corporation
Active · founded 1847
Marshall & Ilsley Corporation is the holding corporation for a major Midwest bank, M&I Bank.
Emigrant Savings Bank
Active · founded 1850
Paul Milstein, along with his sons Howard and Edward, filed an unsuccessful lawsuit in 2000 seeking to remove Philip…
Banknorth Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1852
One of the 30 largest commercial banking companies in the United States, Banknorth Group, Inc.
Credit Suisse Group
Active · founded 1856 · Switzerland
Credit Suisse Group, which began as a commercial bank in 1856, at a time when Switzerland was first embracing the…
Apple Bank for Savings
Active · founded 1863
Under the new chief executive, William J.
Co-operative Group (CWS) Ltd.
Active · founded 1863 · United Kingdom
Co-operative Group (CWS) Ltd.
First Tennessee National Corporation
Active · founded 1864
One of the 50 largest bank holding companies in the United States, First Tennessee National Corporation has provided…
Lloyds TSB Group plc
Active · founded 1865 · United Kingdom
Lloyds TSB Group plc is one of the Big Four British clearing banks in the United Kingdom.
HVB Group
Active · founded 1869 · Germany
Early 1920s:BV allies itself with Bayerische Handelsbank AG.
Union Planters Corporation
Active · founded 1869
With more than $34 billion in assets, Memphis-based Union Planters Corporation is Tennessee's largest bank holding…
Dresdner Bank A.G.
Active · founded 1872 · Germany
The third largest bank in Germany and one of the leading international banks in Europe, Dresdner Bank A.G.
Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation
Active · founded 1876 · Japan
Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC) was formed from the 2001 merger of Sumitomo Bank and Sakura Bank--Sakura was…
Grupo Financiero Banamex S.A.
Active · founded 1884 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero Banamex S.A.
Allianz AG
Active · founded 1890 · Germany
Once known primarily as a German insurance company, Allianz AG has grown to become one of the world's leading financial…
Coop Schweiz Genossenschaftsverband
Active · founded 1890 · Switzerland
Coop Schweiz Genossenschaftsverband is Switzerland's second-largest food products retailer, behind fellow cooperative…
Julius Baer Holding AG
Active · founded 1890 · Switzerland
The leading independent private bank in Switzerland, Julius Baer Holding AG has come to epitomize the Swiss banking…
General Electric Company
Active · founded 1892
The history of General Electric Company is a significant part of the history of technology in the United States.
Banco de Chile
Active · founded 1893 · Chile
Banco de Chile is the second largest private bank in Chile and the largest that remains under Chilean ownership.
Barclays plc
Active · founded 1896 · United Kingdom
With a rich history dating back almost 300 years, Barclays plc has grown into one of the largest financial services…
Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A. de C.V.
Active · founded 1899 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A.
Bank Leumi le-Israel B.M.
Active · founded 1902 · Israel
Bank Leumi le-Israel B.M., Israel's second-largest bank, has its origins in the modern Zionist movement of the late…
State Financial Services Corporation
Active · founded 1910
State Financial Services Corporation is the holding company for State Financial Bank, a growing bank centered in…
Bank of China
Active · founded 1912 · China
Bank of China (BOC) is that country's oldest bank, and also one of its four largest banks, with assets of more than…
UBS AG
Active · founded 1912 · Switzerland
UBS AG was formed from the 1998 megamerger of Swiss Bank Corporation and Union Bank of Switzerland.
Banca Nazionale del Lavoro SpA
Active · founded 1913 · Italy
Banca Nazionale del Lavoro SpA (BNL) is Italy's fifth-largest bank and one of the top 100 banks in the world with total…
Bank of East Asia Ltd.
Active · founded 1918 · Hong Kong
One of Hong Kong's oldest Chinese-owned banks, Bank of East Asia Ltd.
Bank Hapoalim B.M.
Active · founded 1921 · Israel
Bank Hapoalim B.M.
State Bank of India
Active · founded 1921 · India
State Bank of India (SBI) is that country's largest commercial bank.
DEPFA BANK PLC
Active · founded 1922 · Ireland
DEPFA BANK PLC (Depfa) is one of the world's leading public sector financing banks.
Amalgamated Bank
Active · founded 1923
Also in 1998, Amalgamated acquired an 81 percent stake in the First Trade Union Trust Company.
Archer-Daniels-Midland Company
Active · founded 1923
Archer-Daniels-Midland Company (ADM) is one of the world's leading processors and distributors of agricultural products…
TCF Financial Corporation
Active · founded 1923
TCF Financial Corporation, a financial holding company that compares itself to large successful retailers instead of…
Turkiye Is Bankasi A.S.
Active · founded 1924 · Turkey
Few banks can be as closely identified with the development of their country as Turkiye Is Bankasi A.S.
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
Active · founded 1931
Brown Brothers Harriman & Co.
Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer S.A.
Active · founded 1932 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero BBVA Bancomer S.A.
Hang Seng Bank Ltd.
Active · founded 1933 · Hong Kong
As Hang Seng entered the new century, its role within HSBC's regional ambitions became more clear, as HSBC targeted the…
United Overseas Bank Ltd.
Active · founded 1935 · Singapore
United Overseas Bank Ltd.
London Scottish Bank plc
Active · founded 1936 · United Kingdom
London Scottish Bank plc (LSB) is one of the United Kingdom's leading providers of credit to the "sub-prime"…
Neuberger Berman Inc.
Active · founded 1939
Neuberger Berman Inc.
Otto Versand (GmbH & Co.)
Active · founded 1949 · Germany
While Otto Versand (GmbH & Co.) is the world's largest mail-order company with subsidiaries and affiliates in Europe,…
UnionBanCal Corporation
Active · founded 1952
San Francisco-based UnionBanCal Corporation is a commercial bank holding company that was incorporated in California in…
The Toronto-Dominion Bank
Active · founded 1955 · Canada
The Toronto-Dominion Bank (commonly called TD Bank) ranks as Canada's second largest bank in terms of assets, trailing…
PT Bank Buana Indonesia Tbk
Active · founded 1956 · Indonesia
Bank Buana once again began preparations for its public listing at the end of the 1990s.
Commerzbank A.G.
Active · founded 1958 · Germany
Commerzbank A.G.
European Investment Bank
Active · founded 1958 · L-2950 Luxembourg
As the primary financial arm of the European Union, the European Investment Bank (EIB) is also the world's largest bank…
Malayan Banking Berhad
Active · founded 1960 · Malaysia
Malayan Banking Berhad is the holding company overseeing Malaysia's largest bank, Maybank and a range of financial…
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Active · founded 1961 · Canada
The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) is Canada's third largest bank, trailing only Royal Bank of Canada and…
Kookmin Bank
Active · founded 1962 · South Korea
Kookmin Bank is not only South Korea's leading commercial bank, it is also a driving force behind the much-needed…
BNP Paribas Group
Active · founded 1966 · France
BNP Paribas Group is the fruit of the 1999 merger between two of France's most influential banking groups, the…
Krung Thai Bank Public Company Ltd.
Active · founded 1966 · Thailand
Krung Thai Bank Public Company Ltd.
Banca Fideuram SpA
Active · founded 1968 · Italy
Banca Fideuram SpA is Italy's leading assets management and investment banking group, with more than EUR 58 billion in…
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.
Active · founded 1968
J.P.
Wells Fargo & Company
Active · founded 1968
Wells Fargo & Company is a diversified financial services company, ranking as the seventh largest bank holding company…
Macquarie Bank Ltd.
Active · founded 1969 · Australia
Macquarie Bank Ltd.
Standard Chartered plc
Active · founded 1969 · United Kingdom
Standard Chartered plc operates as the leading emerging markets bank in the world.
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB
Active · founded 1972 · Sweden
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB operates as the parent company of the SEB Group, a North European banking concern…
Synovus Financial Corp.
Active · founded 1972
Synovus Financial Corp.
Empresas Almacenes Paris S.A.
Active · founded 1973 · Chile
Empresas Almacenes Paris S.A.
Advanta Corporation
Active · founded 1974
Advanta Corporation originates, services, and sells small business credit card and home equity loans.
Hanmi Financial Corporation
Active · founded 1982
Hanmi Financial Corporation is the largest Korean-American bank in the Los Angeles area, boasting assets of nearly $3…
Banco Comercial Português, SA
Active · founded 1985 · Portugal
Banco Comercial Português, SA (BCP) is Portugal's largest financial institution.
Southern Financial Bancorp, Inc.
Active · founded 1986
Southern Financial Bancorp, Inc.
Back Yard Burgers, Inc.
Active · founded 1987
Back Yard Burgers, Inc.
Svenska Handelsbanken AB
Active · founded 1987 · Sweden
In its infancy, Svenska Handelsbanken AB was a small bank, with operations confined to the city of Stockholm.
Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A.
Active · founded 1988 · Spain
Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A.
WFS Financial Inc.
Active · founded 1988
WFS Financial Inc.
Danske Bank Aktieselskab
Active · founded 1990 · Denmark
Danske Bank Aktieselskab is the largest banking group in Denmark and among the three largest in Scandinavia.
Sberbank
Active · founded 1991 · Russia
Sberbank is Russia's oldest and largest bank.
FöreningsSparbanken AB
Active · founded 1997 · Sweden
FöreningsSparbanken AB (FS-banken) is one of Sweden's leading banks and one of the largest banking groups in the Nordic…
Nordea AB
Active · founded 1997 · Sweden
First off the starting block among pan-European banking mergers--a trend expected to boom in the early years of the…
Irish Life & Permanent Plc
Active · founded 1998 · Ireland
That announcement provided Irish Permanent's Douglas with the opening to propose a new merger between his company and…
Sanpaolo IMI S.p.A.
Active · founded 1998 · Italy
1539: The Sacro Monte di Pieta is founded.
Banco Santander Central Hispano S.A.
Active · founded 1999 · Spain
Banco Santander Central Hispano S.A.
Grupo Financiero Galicia S.A.
Active · founded 2000 · Argentina
Grupo Financiero Galicia S.A.
Build It Today

Starting a commercial banks company now

Each week we rebuild one of these stories for today's tools and capital.