NAIC 551111

Bank Holding Companies

How the companies in this industry began, and the forces that shaped them.

103companies1727–2000founding years103still active0no longer operating
§ 01

The industry over time

Companies foundedEconomyTechnologyEnvironmentHistory
1903
TechnologyThe Wright brothers achieve powered flight.
1914
EconomyWorld War I begins; global trade reorders.
1929
EconomyThe stock market crashes; the Great Depression spreads worldwide.
1939
EconomyWorld War II begins; wartime production surges.
1945
EconomyThe war ends; a long global expansion begins.
1947
TechnologyThe transistor is invented.
1958
TechnologyThe integrated circuit is demonstrated.
1962
EnvironmentSilent Spring launches the modern environmental movement.
1971
EconomyThe dollar leaves the gold standard; currencies float.
1973
EconomyThe OPEC oil embargo triggers a global shock.
1975
TechnologyThe personal-computer era begins.
1979
EconomyA second oil crisis drives inflation higher worldwide.
1981
TechnologyThe IBM PC launches and sets a standard.
1984
TechnologyApple ships the Macintosh; the GUI era begins.
1987
EconomyBlack Monday: markets fall sharply around the world.
1989
HistoryThe Berlin Wall falls; global markets open up.
1991
TechnologyThe World Wide Web is released to the public.
1993
TechnologyThe Mosaic browser brings the web to everyone.
1995
TechnologyWindows 95 launches; the internet goes mainstream.
1997
EconomyThe Asian financial crisis rattles global markets.
EnvironmentThe Kyoto Protocol sets the first climate targets.
2000
EconomyThe dot-com bubble bursts.
2004
TechnologySocial media and Web 2.0 take hold.
2007
TechnologyThe iPhone launches the smartphone era.
2008
EconomyThe global financial crisis freezes credit worldwide.
2010
TechnologyCloud computing goes mainstream for business.
2015
EnvironmentThe Paris Agreement sets global climate targets.
2020
EconomyThe COVID-19 pandemic upends the global economy.
2022
EconomyInflation spikes; central banks raise rates sharply.
2023
TechnologyGenerative AI reaches mainstream business use.
§ 02

The companies

The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc
Active · founded 1727 · United Kingdom
The Royal Bank of Scotland Group plc ranks as the leading Scotland-based banking group and the number three bank in the…
FleetBoston Financial Corporation
Active · founded 1791
FleetBoston Financial Corporation is the eighth largest bank in the United States and the largest in New England, with…
State Street Corporation
Active · founded 1792
State Street Corporation is a bank holding company conducting business principally through its subsidiary State Street…
CoreStates Financial Corp
Active · founded 1803
CoreStates Financial Corp is a major, Philadelphia-based regional bank holding company whose basic banking services are…
Citigroup Inc.
Active · founded 1812
The largest financial services company in the world, with assets in excess of $1 trillion, Citigroup Inc.
The Bank of Nova Scotia
Active · founded 1832 · Canada
The Bank of Nova Scotia, the second oldest bank in Canada, was the second largest Canadian bank in 2003 in term of…
Old National Bancorp
Active · founded 1834
Old National Bancorp (ONB) is the largest bank holding company in Indiana, providing a variety of general banking and…
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited
Active · founded 1835 · Australia
Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) is the second largest of the "Big Four" banks in Australia,…
Riggs National Corporation
Active · founded 1836
The Riggs National Corporation operates a leading bank in Washington, D.C.
National City Corp.
Active · founded 1845
With more than $32 billion in assets and over 600 branch offices in Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana, National City Corp.
Boatmen's Bancshares Inc.
Active · founded 1847
Boatmen's Bancshares Inc.
The Woolwich plc
Active · founded 1847 · United Kingdom
The Woolwich plc is one of the United Kingdom's leading financial services providers, with over £30 billion in assets.
Emigrant Savings Bank
Active · founded 1850
Paul Milstein, along with his sons Howard and Edward, filed an unsuccessful lawsuit in 2000 seeking to remove Philip…
Banknorth Group, Inc.
Active · founded 1852
One of the 30 largest commercial banking companies in the United States, Banknorth Group, Inc.
Firstar Corporation
Active · founded 1853
Firstar Corporation is among the leading bank corporations in the United States, with a particularly dominant market…
U.S. Trust Corp.
Active · founded 1853
U.S.
Credit Suisse Group
Active · founded 1856 · Switzerland
Credit Suisse Group, which began as a commercial bank in 1856, at a time when Switzerland was first embracing the…
Apple Bank for Savings
Active · founded 1863
Under the new chief executive, William J.
First Tennessee National Corporation
Active · founded 1864
One of the 50 largest bank holding companies in the United States, First Tennessee National Corporation has provided…
Grupo Financiero Serfin, S.A.
Active · founded 1864 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero Serfin, S.A.
HSBC Holdings plc
Active · founded 1865 · United Kingdom
A significant force in international banking, HSBC Holdings plc (also referred to as the HSBC Group) operates in some…
West One Bancorp
Active · founded 1867
West One Bancorp is Idaho's oldest and largest banking concern; with more than 200 offices in Idaho, Washington,…
Anchor Bancorp, Inc.
Active · founded 1868
Anchor Bancorp, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiary, Anchor Savings Bank F.S.B., are among the largest publicly owned…
GreenPoint Financial Corp.
Active · founded 1868
GreenPoint Financial Corp.
HVB Group
Active · founded 1869 · Germany
Early 1920s:BV allies itself with Bayerische Handelsbank AG.
Southtrust Corporation
Active · founded 1887
The SouthTrust Corporation is a multi-bank holding company with operations in six southeastern states.
Barclays plc
Active · founded 1896 · United Kingdom
With a rich history dating back almost 300 years, Barclays plc has grown into one of the largest financial services…
Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A. de C.V.
Active · founded 1899 · Mexico
Grupo Financiero Banorte, S.A.
Wilmington Trust Corporation
Active · founded 1901
Wilmington Trust Corporation is the holding company for the Wilmington Trust Company and its subsidiaries.
BankAmerica Corporation
Active · founded 1904
When BankAmerica merged with Security Pacific Corporation in 1992, it became the nation's second-largest bank.
Dauphin Deposit Corporation
Active · founded 1905
Dauphin Deposit Corporation is one of the most successful mid-sized bank holding companies in the country, overseeing…
Huntington Bancshares Inc.
Active · founded 1905
Huntington Bancshares Inc.
North Fork Bancorporation, Inc.
Active · founded 1905
North Fork Bancorporation, Inc.
Fifth Third Bancorp
Active · founded 1908
Based in Cincinnati, Ohio, Fifth Third Bancorp is a holding company that operates 12 banking affiliates, managed…
German American Bancorp
Active · founded 1910
German American Bancorp (GAB) is a Jasper, Indiana-based multibank holding company.
The Sumitomo Bank, Limited
Active · founded 1912 · Japan
Once the banking division of one of Japan's largest and oldest zaibatsu conglomerates, The Sumitomo Bank, Limited is…
UBS AG
Active · founded 1912 · Switzerland
UBS AG was formed from the 1998 megamerger of Swiss Bank Corporation and Union Bank of Switzerland.
Washington Federal, Inc.
Active · founded 1917
One of the largest savings and loan institutions in Washington, Washington Federal, Inc., operates as the one-bank…
TCF Financial Corporation
Active · founded 1923
TCF Financial Corporation, a financial holding company that compares itself to large successful retailers instead of…
Metropolitan Financial Corporation
Active · founded 1926
One of the largest savings and loan holding companies in the United States before its acquisition by First Bank System…
BayBanks, Inc.
Active · founded 1928
BayBanks, Inc., is one of the largest and most successful bank holding companies in New England.
First Security Corporation
Active · founded 1928
First Security Corporation, the oldest multistate bank holding company in the United States, operated 245 full-service…
H. F. Ahmanson & Company
Active · founded 1928
H.
First Bank System Inc.
Active · founded 1929
First Bank System Inc.
U.S. Bancorp
Active · founded 1929
U.S.
Wachovia Bank of Georgia, N.A.
Active · founded 1929
A leader in Southern banking, Wachovia Bank of Georgia, N.A.
Wachovia Bank of South Carolina, N.A.
Active · founded 1929
Wachovia Bank of South Carolina, N.A.
Barnett Banks, Inc.
Active · founded 1930
In 1993 Business Week magazine called Barnett Banks, Inc., "Florida's most dynamic bank." Jacksonville-based Barnett…
Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale S.p.A.
Active · founded 1933 · Italy
Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale S.p.A.
NBD Bancorp, Inc.
Active · founded 1933
NBD Bancorp, Inc.
The Sanwa Bank, Ltd.
Active · founded 1933 · Japan
The Sanwa Bank, Ltd.
Bremer Financial Corp.
Active · founded 1943
Bremer Financial Corp., a bank holding company, operates under a unique ownership structure.
Daiwa Securities Group Inc.
Active · founded 1943 · Japan
Daiwa Securities Group Inc.--formerly known as Daiwa Securities Co.
Mitsui & Co., Ltd.
Active · founded 1947 · Japan
Part of the Mitsui group, Mitsui & Co., Ltd.
First Virginia Banks, Inc.
Active · founded 1949
First Virginia Banks, Inc.
Glacier Bancorp, Inc.
Active · founded 1955
With assets of more than $950 million, Glacier Bancorp, Inc.
Great Western Financial Corporation
Active · founded 1955
True to its name, Great Western Financial Corporation is one of the largest financial services companies in the western…
The Toronto-Dominion Bank
Active · founded 1955 · Canada
The Toronto-Dominion Bank (commonly called TD Bank) ranks as Canada's second largest bank in terms of assets, trailing…
Society Corporation
Active · founded 1958
Headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio, Society Corporation is one of the fastest-growing and most innovative bank holding…
Wachovia Corporation
Active · founded 1958
The new Wachovia Corporation was formed from the September 2001 merger of First Union Corporation and Wachovia…
Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, Inc.
Active · founded 1959
Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette, Inc.
Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
Active · founded 1961 · Canada
The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC) is Canada's third largest bank, trailing only Royal Bank of Canada and…
Signet Banking Corporation
Active · founded 1962
Signet Banking Corporation is a registered multi-bank, multi-state holding company with 24-hour telebanking, 240…
Whitney Holding Corporation
Active · founded 1962
Whitney Holding Corporation, with headquarters in New Orleans, is a bank holding company with combined assets totaling…
Golden West Financial Corporation
Active · founded 1963
Golden West Financial Corporation, the third largest savings and loan association, or thrift, in the United States,…
Chemical Banking Corporation
Active · founded 1968
The Chemical Banking Corporation, a multibillion dollar bank holding company, began as a division of a New York City…
Deposit Guaranty Corporation
Active · founded 1968
Deposit Guaranty Corporation (DGC) is a bank holding company formed in 1968 to provide its predecessor and principal…
Fourth Financial Corporation
Active · founded 1968
Fourth Financial Corporation is the largest bank holding company in Kansas.
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.
Active · founded 1968
J.P.
Wells Fargo & Company
Active · founded 1968
Wells Fargo & Company is a diversified financial services company, ranking as the seventh largest bank holding company…
First Empire State Corporation
Active · founded 1969
A major banking force in New York State, First Empire State Corporation is the holding company for two primary banking…
KeyCorp
Active · founded 1970 · United States
KeyCorp is one of the national's 30 largest banks with banking and other financial services subsidiaries in the…
Mercantile Bankshares Corp.
Active · founded 1970
Mercantile Bankshares, Inc.
First of America Bank Corporation
Active · founded 1971
First of America Bank Corporation is one of the Midwest's largest bank holding companies and is ranked among the top 35…
Mizuho Financial Group Inc.
Active · founded 1971 · Japan
Mizuho Financial Group Inc.
Hibernia Corporation
Active · founded 1972
Hibernia Corporation, headquartered in New Orleans, is a holding company initially formed to serve as the parent…
Michigan National Corporation
Active · founded 1972
Michigan National Corporation is a bank holding company for nationally and state-chartered commercial banks and…
Synovus Financial Corp.
Active · founded 1972
Synovus Financial Corp.
Westamerica Bancorporation
Active · founded 1972
Westamerica Bancorporation is a northern California bank holding company comprised of two principal subsidiaries:…
Republic New York Corporation
Active · founded 1973
Republic New York Corporation is a bank holding company for nationally chartered commercial banks and state-chartered…
Star Banc Corporation
Active · founded 1973
Star Banc Corporation is a bank holding company for nationally and state-chartered commercial banks in the tristate…
Cullen/Frost Bankers, Inc.
Active · founded 1977
Cullen/Frost Bankers, Inc.
First Nationwide Bank
Active · founded 1982
With more than 150 branches in seven states and assets of about $15 billion, First Nationwide Bank was among the…
Hanmi Financial Corporation
Active · founded 1982
Hanmi Financial Corporation is the largest Korean-American bank in the Los Angeles area, boasting assets of nearly $3…
MBNA Corporation
Active · founded 1982
Delaware-based MBNA Corporation is a bank holding company.
Meridian Bancorp, Inc.
Active · founded 1983
Meridian Bancorp is one of the largest and most venerable of the regional financial services holding companies on the…
The PNC Financial Services Group Inc.
Active · founded 1983
The PNC Financial Services Group Inc.
Habersham Bancorp
Active · founded 1984
Established as a holding company in 1984, Habersham Bancorp combines Habersham Bank--a northeast Georgia financial…
First Commerce Bancshares, Inc.
Active · founded 1985
First Commerce Bancshares, Inc.
First USA, Inc.
Active · founded 1985
First USA, Inc.
SunTrust Banks Inc.
Active · founded 1985
A holding company formed by Trust Company of Georgia in 1985, SunTrust Banks Inc.
Shawmut National Corporation
Active · founded 1988
Shawmut National Corporation is one of New England's largest banking companies, offering financial products and…
Capitalia S.p.A.
Active · founded 1992 · Italy
1539: Monte di Pietà di Roma is founded.
Security Capital Corporation
Active · founded 1993
Security Capital Corporation is a bank holding company formed in 1993 to enable its subsidiary, Security Bank S.S.B., a…
Washington Mutual, Inc.
Active · founded 1994
Owner of the third-largest savings and loan in the United States, Washington Mutual, Inc.
Capital One Financial Corporation
Active · founded 1995
Capital One Financial Corporation, a holding company, is perhaps best known for its inventive advertising of its credit…
IBERIABANK Corporation
Active · founded 1995
IBERIABANK Corporation has 25 branches in the New Iberia/Lafayette area of south central Louisiana, ten in northeast…
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Ltd.
Active · founded 1996 · Japan
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Ltd., the world's largest bank, was formed in April 1996 from the merger of The Mitsubishi…
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Ltd.
Active · founded 1996 · Japan
Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Ltd., the world's largest bank, was formed in April 1996 from the merger of The Mitsubishi…
Nordea AB
Active · founded 1997 · Sweden
First off the starting block among pan-European banking mergers--a trend expected to boom in the early years of the…
Staten Island Bancorp, Inc.
Active · founded 1997
Staten Island Bancorp, Inc.
Bank One Corporation
Active · founded 1998
Chicago-based Bank One Corporation formed in 1998 through the merger of Banc One Corporation, headquartered in…
Grupo Financiero Galicia S.A.
Active · founded 2000 · Argentina
Grupo Financiero Galicia S.A.
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